diff --git a/common/binary-cache-server.nix b/common/binary-cache-server.nix
index 02c9d59..06add65 100644
--- a/common/binary-cache-server.nix
+++ b/common/binary-cache-server.nix
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
     enable = true;
     cache = {
       hostName = config.networking.hostName;
+      # NOTE: These paths are hardcoded to /persist (not using config.custom.impermanence.persistPath)
+      # This is acceptable since this service is only enabled on btrfs-based hosts
       dataPath = "/persist/ncps/data";
       tempPath = "/persist/ncps/tmp";
       databaseURL = "sqlite:/persist/ncps/db/db.sqlite";
diff --git a/common/global/backup.nix b/common/global/backup.nix
index 0e428e3..c7e2853 100644
--- a/common/global/backup.nix
+++ b/common/global/backup.nix
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ let
   btrfs = "${btrfsPkg}/bin/btrfs";
   snapshotBackup = pkgs.writeScript "kopia-snapshot-backup" (builtins.readFile ./kopia-snapshot-backup.sh);
   backupScript = pkgs.writeShellScript "backup-persist" ''
-      target_path="/persist"
-      snapshot_path="$target_path/kopia-backup-snapshot"
+      target_path="${config.custom.impermanence.persistPath}"
       KOPIA_CHECK_FOR_UPDATES=false
 
       ${kopia} repository connect server \
@@ -16,18 +15,29 @@ let
         -p "$(cat ${config.sops.secrets.kopia.path})" \
       || exit 1
 
-      [ -e "$snapshot_path" ] && ${btrfs} subvolume delete "$snapshot_path"
+      # Check if target_path is on btrfs filesystem
+      fs_type=$(stat -f -c %T "$target_path")
 
-      ${btrfs} subvolume snapshot -r "$target_path" "$snapshot_path"
+      if [ "$fs_type" = "btrfs" ]; then
+        # On btrfs: use snapshot for consistency
+        snapshot_path="$target_path/kopia-backup-snapshot"
+        [ -e "$snapshot_path" ] && ${btrfs} subvolume delete "$snapshot_path"
+        ${btrfs} subvolume snapshot -r "$target_path" "$snapshot_path"
 
-      # --no-send-snapshot-path due to https://github.com/kopia/kopia/issues/4402
-      # Exclude btrfs replication snapshots (they appear as empty dirs in the snapshot anyway)
-      ${kopia} snapshot create --no-send-snapshot-report --override-source "$target_path" \
-        --ignore "services@*" \
-        --ignore "services-standby/services@*" \
-        -- "$snapshot_path"
+        # --no-send-snapshot-path due to https://github.com/kopia/kopia/issues/4402
+        # Exclude btrfs replication snapshots (they appear as empty dirs in the snapshot anyway)
+        ${kopia} snapshot create --no-send-snapshot-report --override-source "$target_path" \
+          --ignore "services@*" \
+          --ignore "services-standby/services@*" \
+          -- "$snapshot_path"
+
+        ${btrfs} subvolume delete "$snapshot_path"
+      else
+        # On non-btrfs (e.g., ext4): backup directly without snapshot
+        ${kopia} snapshot create --no-send-snapshot-report --override-source "$target_path" \
+          -- "$target_path"
+      fi
 
-      ${btrfs} subvolume delete "$snapshot_path"
       ${kopia} repository disconnect
   '';
 in
diff --git a/common/global/sops.nix b/common/global/sops.nix
index a59e63e..2a42a26 100644
--- a/common/global/sops.nix
+++ b/common/global/sops.nix
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
   sops = {
     # sometimes the impermanence bind mount is stopped when sops needs these
     age.sshKeyPaths = [
-      "/persist/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"
-      "/persist/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key"
+      "${config.custom.impermanence.persistPath}/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"
+      "${config.custom.impermanence.persistPath}/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key"
     ];
     defaultSopsFile = ./../../secrets/common.yaml;
     secrets = {